Motivation

nMotivation

nClassification of Motives

–Primary motives

§Physiological or Biological motives

§Competence or Capacity motives

–Secondary motives

§Security motives

§Status or Prestige motives

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nTypes of Motivation

–Positive or incentive motivation

§Praise – Prestige – Promotion – Pay - cheque 

–Negative or fear motivation

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–Extrinsic Motivation

–Intrinsic Motivation

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nSelf Motivation or Attitude Motivation

–Monotonous Work

–Driven by boss

–Bad Physical Conditions

–Does not get along with associates

–Dissatisfied with work or achievement

–Financial troubles

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nSelf Motivation or Attitude Motivation

–Unwilling to work

–Craves Sympathy

–Thinks the world owes him a living

–Has some sort of inferiority complex

–Hates his wife – does not want to support her or her children

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nMotivation

nSelf Motivation or Attitude Motivation

–Making the job more interesting

–Thinking Constructively

–Making the best possible use of one’s strong points and not dwelling on weakness

–Adopting oneself to the situation

–Acquiring a sensible and worthwhile philosophy of life

§One can motivate oneself by setting certain objectives and goals before oneself.

nMotivation

nGroup Motivation

–informed of ideas, plans, inventions or systems

–Communication

–Fairness, truthfulness, honesty, loyalty, stability, tolerance, ability to assume responsibility and cooperate, give and take, constructive criticism and compromise when necessary, orderliness in mind and action, control of temper, a sense of humor, broad – mindedness

nMotivation

nSteps in Motivation

–Sizing Up

–Preparing a Set of Motivating Tools

–Selecting and Applying Motivators

–Feedback

§Variability

§Self interest and Motivation

§Attainability

§Participation

§Proportioning Rewards

§The Human Element

§Individual Group Relationships

§Stimulation

nMotivation

nSupervisor’s Role and Motivation Model

–Responsibility to assess the motives and needs of the workers

–Observation, interview, written attitude survey, previous goal achievement

–What motivates people?

–Money, Good Working Environment, Challenging work and responsibility, praise for good work

nMotivation

nSupervisor’s Role and Motivation Model

–Selection and provision of incentives

–Incentive will attract and sustain the type of effect needed to help organization attain its objectives

–Cost of providing the incentives

–Incentives must be attractive, realistic, and worthwhile

–Role should be informative and supportive

nMotivation

nManagement Techniques Designed to Increase Motivation

–Financial Motivators

–Non – Financial Motivators

§Appraisal, Praise or Recognition

§Status and Pride

§Competition

§Delegation of Authority

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nMotivation

nParticipation

nJob Security

nJob Enlargement or Whole Job Concept

nJob Rotation

nJob Loading

nJob Enrichment

nReinforcement

nQuality of Work Life

nOthers

–Job Sharing or Twinning

–Flexi - time or Flexible Working Hours

nMotivation

nExecutive Motivation

–The managers tend to exhibit a greater degree of the need for achievement than do those who are non managers

–Managers are more concerned about self actualization, needs, esteem and social needs than are clerical and unskilled workers

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nMotivation

nExecutive Motivation

–They are doing something that they call their own

–They do tasks they have set for themselves

–They can see what they have done

–They feel that their job is important

–They are secure

–They are doing something useful

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nExecutive Motivation

–Challenge in work

–Belief in the value of work

–Status

–Urge to achieve leadership

–Environment which encourages a full utilization of an individual’s capacity

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nExecutive Motivation

–Unsatisfactory bosses

–Advancement is limited

–Poor pay

–Security threatened

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